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Sardines and anchovies are widespread fish in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea. In the coastal areas, fishing has always been a predominant traditional activity. With the evolution in fisheries engineering, several species have been overfished and even threatened with collapse because the stocks in the sea do not have enough time to renew. In spite of the implementation of national and international fisheries management based on fishing quotas, control on gear type and engine power/boat size and/or measures to protect young fish such as seasonal and area restrictions, and the selectivity of the nets, an imbalance of the marine ecosystems still exists, and, over time, could modify the interactions between the different species in the sea.

